中国科技资源配置效率测度及其时空格局演变特征(英文)     

范斐  杜德斌  王馨竹 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(3):492-508

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001–2010, using modified method—Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA), science and technology(ST) resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of ST resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of ST resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA). It turned out that:(1) the average of ST resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening.(2) The asymmetrical distribution of ST resource allocation efficiency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose ST resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China.(3) The coupling degree between ST resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of ST resource allocation efficiency is common in regional development, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of ST resources and so on.(4) In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, ST resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of ST resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency.(5) Viewed from LISA agglomeration map ofST resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the continuity of ST resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.  相似文献   

Propagation of vertical and horizontal source data errors into a TIN with linear interpolation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lei Fan  Joel Smethurst  Peter Atkinson  William Powrie 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(7):1378-1400

Digital elevation models (DEMs) have been widely used for a range of applications and form the basis of many GIS-related tasks. An essential aspect of a DEM is its accuracy, which depends on a variety of factors, such as source data quality, interpolation methods, data sampling density and the surface topographical characteristics. In recent years, point measurements acquired directly from land surveying such as differential global positioning system and light detection and ranging have become increasingly popular. These topographical data points can be used as the source data for the creation of DEMs at a local or regional scale. The errors in point measurements can be estimated in some cases. The focus of this article is on how the errors in the source data propagate into DEMs. The interpolation method considered is a triangulated irregular network (TIN) with linear interpolation. Both horizontal and vertical errors in source data points are considered in this study. An analytical method is derived for the error propagation into any particular point of interest within a TIN model. The solution is validated using Monte Carlo simulations and survey data obtained from a terrestrial laser scanner.  相似文献   

福建省水生态足迹时空分异   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林彤  廖福霖  罗栋燊 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2014,(3):82-88

利用改进的生态足迹模型,分析福建省2005—2011年的水生态足迹时空分异,得出几点结论：1）福建省水生态处于盈余状态,但人均水生态足迹增加;2）2011年福建省万元GDP水生态足迹为0.255 1 hm^2/万元,与2005年0.708 7 hm^2/万元对比,产出效率提高了64.00%。3）建议通过生态优势与经济优势相互转化、调整产业结构、提倡绿色消费实现可持续发展。  相似文献   

2013年夏季湖南严重高温干旱及其大气环流异常   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

罗伯良  李易芝 《干旱气象》2014,(4):593-598

利用湖南省97个台站降水、气温资料和NECP/NCAR再分析资料以及NOAA卫星观测的OLR场资料,系统分析了2013年6月30日至8月14日湖南持续高温干旱的时空分布及同期大气环流异常特征。结果表明：2013年夏季是湖南1951年以来降水最少、高温干旱程度最严重的一年。西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、西伸脊点偏西,湖南处在副高控制下,盛行下沉气流是发生持续高温干旱的直接原因;西太平洋副高内增强的下沉气流,致使多数县市高温日数和极端高温突破历史同期最高记录。位于菲律宾附近的OLR低值带中心偏西,致使副热带地区下沉区偏西,进而造成西太平洋副高偏强偏西。此外,湖南地区上空为水汽输送异常辐散中心,这在一定程度上促使了干旱的发生发展。  相似文献   

浅基础地基荷载-变形特性的分析研究     

罗强  贾虎  栾茂田 《海洋工程》2014,32(4):72-81

在土体主应力方向的旋转过程中,主应力方向与塑性主应变增量方向之间存在着非共轴现象,非共轴现象对应力-应变关系具有显著的影响。通过有限元二次开发,将角点结构非共轴理论应用到有限元程序ABAQUS中;对密砂单剪试验进行数值模拟,研究了非共轴现象及其对应力-应变关系的影响;采用离心模型试验方法,对圆形浅基础作用下饱和密砂地基荷载-变形特性进行试验研究;对离心模型试验进行数值模拟,将试验结果与数值计算结果进行对比,对非共轴模型的计算结果的合理性进行验证。研究结果表明:非共轴现象对浅基础地基荷载-变形特性具有显著的影响;当选取合理的非共轴塑性模量时,非共轴模型的计算结果与离心模型试验结果比较接近。  相似文献   

Water discharge variability of Changjiang （Yangtze） and Huanghe （Yellow） Rivers and its response to climatic changes     

张喜林  范德江  王厚杰  杨作升 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(6):1392-1405

Influences of large-scale climatic phenomena, such as the E1Nifio/La Nifia-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, on the temporal variations of the annual water discharge at the Lijin station in the Huanghe （Yellow） River and at the Datong station in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River were examined. Using the empirical mode decomposition-maximum entropy spectral analysis （EMD- MESA） method, the 2- to 3-year, 8- to 14-year, and 23-year cyclical variations of the annual water discharge at the two stations were discovered. Based on the analysis results, the hydrological time series on the inter- annual to interdecadal scales were constructed. The results indicate that from 1950 to 2011, a significant downward trend occurred in the natural annual water discharge in Huanghe River. However, the changes in water discharge in Changjiang River basin exhibited a slightly upward trend. It indicated that the changes in the river discharge in the Huanghe basin were driven primarily by precipitation. Other factors, such as the precipitation over the Changjiang River tributaries, ice melt and evaporation contributed much more to the increase in the Changjiang River basin. Especially, the impacts of the inter-annual and inter-decadal climate oscillations such as ENSO and PDO could change the long-term patterns of precipitation over the basins of the two major rivers. Generally, low amounts of basin-wide precipitation on interannual to interdecadal scales over the two rivers corresponded to most of the warm ENSO events and the warm phases of the PDO, and vice versa. The positive phases of the PDO and ENSO could lead to reduced precipitation and consequently affect the long-term scale water discharges at the two rivers.  相似文献   

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������  ������  �ŷ� 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(6):37-40

???1999??2012???????????????????????????????λ????????????????????????λ??????GPS??????????????????????仯?????????о?????????????λ??GPS????????仯??????????????????仯?????????????????????????????????????λ????????GPS?????????С????ζ??????????????????????λ???????GPS?????????????ζ??????3??????????λ?仯????GPS????????????????г????????  相似文献   

Wave effect on the ocean circulations through mass transport and wave-induced pumping   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

BI Fan  and WU Kejian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):175-182

The wave Coriolis-Stokes-Force-modified ocean momentum equations are reviewed in this paper and the wave Stokes transport is pointed out to be part of the ocean circulations. Using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year reanalysis data (ERA-40 data) and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) version 2.2.4 data, the magnitude of this transport is compared with that of wind-driven Sverdrup transport and a 5-to-10-precent contribution by the wave Stokes transport is found. Both transports are stronger in boreal winter than in summers. The wave effect can be either contribution or cancellation in different seasons. Examination with Kuroshio transport verifies similar seasonal variations. The clarification of the efficient wave boundary condition helps to understand the role of waves in mass transport. It acts as surface wind stress and can be functional down to the bottom of the ageostrophic layer. The pumping velocities resulting from wave-induced stress are zonally distributed and are significant in relatively high latitudes. Further work will focus on the model performance of the wave-stress-changed-boundary and the role of swells in the eastern part of the oceans.  相似文献   

备用分钟数据读取程序浅析     

廖其瑞  李肖平  樊俏丽  文秀 《气象研究与应用》2014,35(3):103-104

从逐分钟地面数据文件中读取正点前10分钟内任一分钟的分钟数据进行备用,以备在临近正点时自动气象站计算机系统出现故障的情况下作为电话口传报文之用,保证正点数据的及时有效传输,避免逾限报的发生。  相似文献   

江淮流域夏季降水的准两年振荡特征及其关联因子分析          下载免费PDF全文

张璟  智协飞  缪锴  罗晓蔚 《大气科学学报》2014,37(5):541-547

利用1951—2010年我国江淮流域11个测站夏季(6—8月)降水资料和NCAR提供的北半球月平均海平面气压场资料以及相关的西太平洋副高指数资料,采用Morlet小波变换、交叉小波变换及相关分析等方法讨论了降水准两年振荡现象的年际变化规律及其与东亚夏季风、副高的关系。结果表明,准两年振荡分量在江淮地区夏季降水场的年际振荡中十分重要,且经历了由强到弱再到强的变化过程;同时降水与夏季风强度及副高脊线位置的准两年变化均存在较好的同期相关,彼此间的相互影响还体现在年际尺度上,并分别在4 a和1 a时间尺度上有明显的滞后、超前关系。  相似文献